LASER BEAM MACHINING UNIT-6

LASER BEAM MACHINING UNIT-6

LASER BEAM MACHINING UNIT-6

The word LASER stands for ‘Light Amplification by simulated Emission of Radiation.

Introduction:

Laser machining is a technology that uses a laser beam, which is a narrow beam of intense monochromatic light to cut required shapes of profile or pattern in almost all types of materials. LBM(laser beam machining) is based on conversion of electrical energy into light energy and then into thermal energy. Here the way of metal removing is same as that of EDM process but method of generation of heat is different. The application of heat is very finely focused in case of LBM as compared to EDM.

In this process laser beam is focused into a small area, causing the material to melt and vapourise, Holes as small as 0.01 cm diameter can be drilled to metals, hole depth – diameter ratios of 10:1 are more typical (aspect ratio). It is very costly method and can be employed only when it is not feasible to machine by another process or methods.

Principle of LBM:

Laser works on the principle of quantum theory of radiation.

Consider an atom in the ground state or lower energy state ‘E1’ when light radiation falls on the atom, it absorbs photon of energy ‘h𝜗’ and goes to the exited state ‘E2’.

Normally the atoms in the exited state will not stay there for a long time, it comes to the ground state by emiting a photon of energy, E=h𝜗. Such an emission place by one of the following two methods.

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