SHAPER, SLOTTER, PLANNER
INTERDUCTION:-
In machining, the excess metal is removed by cutting tool. Metal is removed from work with the tool moving and work stationary; the work moving and the tool stationary or both the tool and work moving.
Shaper:-
The shaping machine (shaper) is used for machining flat surfaces. The work is held stationary on table, the tool carried in the tool head reciprocates past the work with the help of horizontal ram.
Slotter:-
The slotter (slotting machine) is similar to shaper except that in a slotter the ram holding the tool reciprocates in vertical axis, and it is intended to cut grooves, key ways and slots of various shapes.
Planer:-
The planer (planing machine), like shaper is primary intended to produce flat surfaces. The major difference is that in planer the cutting tool is stationary and table holding the work reciprocates past the stationary tool.
SHAPER
Working principle of shaper:-
The shaping machine is used for producing flat surfaces. Machining on shaper is more economical with easier work setting and shaper tooling. The working principle of shaper is shown in fig. in case of shaper the job is rigidly held in a suitable device like a vice or clamped directly on the machine table and the cutting tool reciprocates across the work piece. The tool cuts on forward stroke and the return stroke remains idle as there is no cutting action in that stroke.
Main parts of shaper:-
Construction:- The main parts of the Shaper machine is Base, Body (Pillar, Frame, Column), Cross rail, Ram and tool head (Tool Post, Tool Slide, Clamper Box Block). Base:- The base is a heavy cast iron casting which is fixed to the shop floor. It supports the body frame and the entire load of the machine. The base absorbs and withstands vibrations and other forces which are likely to be induced during the shaping operations.
Column:-
It is box type cast iron body, mounted on the base and acts as a housing for the operating mechanism of the machine. It can also act as a support for other parts of the machine such as cross rail and ram..etc. In case of hydraulic shaper, it carries the hydraulic drive mechanism inside it.
Cross rail:-
It is a heavy cast iron construction attached to the column at its front on the vertical guide ways. It carries two mechanisms one for elevating the table and other for cross travel of the table.
Table:-
It is made of cast iron and has a box type construction. It holes and supports the work during the operation and slides along the cross rail.
Ram:-
It is also a cast iron semi-circular in shape and provided with a ribbed constructions for inside rigidity and strength. It carries the tool head. It carries the mechanism for adjustment for ram position inside it.
Slotter:
Working principle of slotter:-
Slotting machine (slotter) is a reciprocating type machine in which ram holding the tool reciprocates in vertical axis, and the work is supported on a rotary table which is mounted on the carriage. The cutting motion is produced by the reciprocating moment of the vertical ram. The tool removes the material from the job during down ward cutting stroke and upward stroke is idle.
Main parts of a slotter:-
The main parts of the slotting machine are shown in figure.
(i) Base (ii) Column (iii) Table (iv) Ram (v) saddle
(i) Base:-
It is a heavy cast iron construction and is also known as bed. It act as a support for the column, the driving mechanism ram, table and all other fittings. At its top it carriers horizontal ways along which the table can be traversed.
(ii) Column:-
It is another heavy CI body which acts as a housing for the complete driving mechanism. At its front it carries vertical ways, along which the ram moves up and down.
(iii) Table:-
Usually a circular table is provided on slotting machines. In some heavy duty slotters, such as a puncher slotter, either a rectangular or circular table can be mounted. On the top of the table are provided T-slots to clamp the work or facilitate the use of fixtures, etc.
(iv)Ram:-
It moves in a vertical direction between the vertical guideways provided in front of the column. At its bottom, it carries the tool post in which the tool is held. The cutting action takes place during the downward movement of the ram.
Planer
Working principle of planer:-
The planning machine or planer is one of the basic machine tools of the industry. It is used for producing flat surfaces. It is designed with stationary housing for holding tool heads and a reciprocating table for holding the work piece. Thus the work is mounted on table reciprocates past the stationary tool and the feed is given by the lateral movement of the tool; metal is cut only in the forward movement of the table and return stroke is idle and complete quickly.
Main parts of a planer or double housing planer:-
The planer are available in different types for doing different types and sizes of job; the most common being the standard and double housing planer.
The main parts of the planer are:
1. Bed 2. Table 3. Housing or Column 4. Cross rail 5. Saddle
6. Tool heads 7. Controls.
1. Bed:-
It is a very large and heavy cast iron structure that acts as foundation of the machine. It supports column and all moving parts of the planer. The length of bed is doubled than the table, it carries over it. At the top of the bed v- ways (guide ways) are provided to support and guide the table. It accommodates the table driving mechanism.
2. Table:-
The table is also made of CI with an accurately machine top. It is mounted on the bed the upper surface of the table has ‘T’ slots to facilitate clamping of work pieces, special fixtures and vices with T-bolts. Its main function is to hold the workpiece and reciprocate on guide ways to impart motion to job for planning operation.
3. Housing or Column:-
It is also called as column or uprights. These are long vertical structures places on each side of the bed. It supports the cross-rail on which the tool heads are mounted. Its front face is accurately machined to provide guide way for cross-rail. It also supports the mechanism for operating the tool heads.
4. Cross-rail:-
Cross-rail is a rigid casting mounted horizontally on the vertical ways of housings. It can moved vertically up and down by means of elevating screws located within the ways of the housing. It carries two saddles with tool heads in which tools are held. The tool head may be moved horizontally on the guide ways of cross-rail by means of feed screws.
5. Saddle:-
The unit fitted to the ways of cross-rail is known as saddle. The front of the saddle is provided with ways to hold tool head and feed screws. The saddle can be moved in cross wise direction over the table.
INTERDUCTION:-
In machining, the excess metal is removed by cutting tool. Metal is removed from work with the tool moving and work stationary; the work moving and the tool stationary or both the tool and work moving.
Shaper:-
The shaping machine (shaper) is used for machining flat surfaces. The work is held stationary on table, the tool carried in the tool head reciprocates past the work with the help of horizontal ram.
Slotter:-
The slotter (slotting machine) is similar to shaper except that in a slotter the ram holding the tool reciprocates in vertical axis, and it is intended to cut grooves, key ways and slots of various shapes.
Planer:-
The planer (planing machine), like shaper is primary intended to produce flat surfaces. The major difference is that in planer the cutting tool is stationary and table holding the work reciprocates past the stationary tool.
SHAPER
Working principle of shaper:-
The shaping machine is used for producing flat surfaces. Machining on shaper is more economical with easier work setting and shaper tooling. The working principle of shaper is shown in fig. in case of shaper the job is rigidly held in a suitable device like a vice or clamped directly on the machine table and the cutting tool reciprocates across the work piece. The tool cuts on forward stroke and the return stroke remains idle as there is no cutting action in that stroke.
Main parts of shaper:-
Construction:- The main parts of the Shaper machine is Base, Body (Pillar, Frame, Column), Cross rail, Ram and tool head (Tool Post, Tool Slide, Clamper Box Block). Base:- The base is a heavy cast iron casting which is fixed to the shop floor. It supports the body frame and the entire load of the machine. The base absorbs and withstands vibrations and other forces which are likely to be induced during the shaping operations.
Column:-
It is box type cast iron body, mounted on the base and acts as a housing for the operating mechanism of the machine. It can also act as a support for other parts of the machine such as cross rail and ram..etc. In case of hydraulic shaper, it carries the hydraulic drive mechanism inside it.
Cross rail:-
It is a heavy cast iron construction attached to the column at its front on the vertical guide ways. It carries two mechanisms one for elevating the table and other for cross travel of the table.
Table:-
It is made of cast iron and has a box type construction. It holes and supports the work during the operation and slides along the cross rail.
Ram:-
It is also a cast iron semi-circular in shape and provided with a ribbed constructions for inside rigidity and strength. It carries the tool head. It carries the mechanism for adjustment for ram position inside it.
Slotter:
Working principle of slotter:-
Slotting machine (slotter) is a reciprocating type machine in which ram holding the tool reciprocates in vertical axis, and the work is supported on a rotary table which is mounted on the carriage. The cutting motion is produced by the reciprocating moment of the vertical ram. The tool removes the material from the job during down ward cutting stroke and upward stroke is idle.
Main parts of a slotter:-
The main parts of the slotting machine are shown in figure.
(i) Base (ii) Column (iii) Table (iv) Ram (v) saddle
(i) Base:-
It is a heavy cast iron construction and is also known as bed. It act as a support for the column, the driving mechanism ram, table and all other fittings. At its top it carriers horizontal ways along which the table can be traversed.
(ii) Column:-
It is another heavy CI body which acts as a housing for the complete driving mechanism. At its front it carries vertical ways, along which the ram moves up and down.
(iii) Table:-
Usually a circular table is provided on slotting machines. In some heavy duty slotters, such as a puncher slotter, either a rectangular or circular table can be mounted. On the top of the table are provided T-slots to clamp the work or facilitate the use of fixtures, etc.
(iv)Ram:-
It moves in a vertical direction between the vertical guideways provided in front of the column. At its bottom, it carries the tool post in which the tool is held. The cutting action takes place during the downward movement of the ram.
Planer
Working principle of planer:-
The planning machine or planer is one of the basic machine tools of the industry. It is used for producing flat surfaces. It is designed with stationary housing for holding tool heads and a reciprocating table for holding the work piece. Thus the work is mounted on table reciprocates past the stationary tool and the feed is given by the lateral movement of the tool; metal is cut only in the forward movement of the table and return stroke is idle and complete quickly.
Main parts of a planer or double housing planer:-
The planer are available in different types for doing different types and sizes of job; the most common being the standard and double housing planer.
The main parts of the planer are:
1. Bed 2. Table 3. Housing or Column 4. Cross rail 5. Saddle
6. Tool heads 7. Controls.
1. Bed:-
It is a very large and heavy cast iron structure that acts as foundation of the machine. It supports column and all moving parts of the planer. The length of bed is doubled than the table, it carries over it. At the top of the bed v- ways (guide ways) are provided to support and guide the table. It accommodates the table driving mechanism.
2. Table:-
The table is also made of CI with an accurately machine top. It is mounted on the bed the upper surface of the table has ‘T’ slots to facilitate clamping of work pieces, special fixtures and vices with T-bolts. Its main function is to hold the workpiece and reciprocate on guide ways to impart motion to job for planning operation.
3. Housing or Column:-
It is also called as column or uprights. These are long vertical structures places on each side of the bed. It supports the cross-rail on which the tool heads are mounted. Its front face is accurately machined to provide guide way for cross-rail. It also supports the mechanism for operating the tool heads.
4. Cross-rail:-
Cross-rail is a rigid casting mounted horizontally on the vertical ways of housings. It can moved vertically up and down by means of elevating screws located within the ways of the housing. It carries two saddles with tool heads in which tools are held. The tool head may be moved horizontally on the guide ways of cross-rail by means of feed screws.
5. Saddle:-
The unit fitted to the ways of cross-rail is known as saddle. The front of the saddle is provided with ways to hold tool head and feed screws. The saddle can be moved in cross wise direction over the table.
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